Java: A high-level, object-oriented programming language known for its portability and platform independence.

Class: A blueprint or template for creating objects in Java, defining their properties and behaviors.

Object: An instance of a class, encapsulating data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data.

Variable: A named storage location for holding data, with a specific data type.

Data Type: Specifies the type of data a variable can hold (e.g., int, float, String).

Method: A block of code within a class that performs a specific task or operation.

Inheritance: A mechanism for creating a new class based on an existing class, inheriting its properties and behaviors.

Polymorphism: The ability of objects to take on multiple forms, typically achieved through method overriding and interfaces.

Abstraction: A concept of hiding complex implementation details and showing only essential features of an object.

Encapsulation: The bundling of data and methods into a single unit (class), restricting access to the internal state.

Interface: A contract specifying a set of methods that a class implementing the interface must provide.

Constructor: A special method used to initialize objects when they are created.

Method Overloading: The ability to define multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

Static: A keyword used to define class-level variables and methods that are shared among all instances of a class.

Package: A way to organize classes into a hierarchical structure for better code organization and access control.

Loop: A control structure that repeatedly executes a block of code while a condition is true (e.g., for, while, do-while).

Exception: An event or error condition that disrupts the normal flow of a program.

Java Standard Library: A collection of classes and methods provided by Java for various common tasks.

JVM (Java Virtual Machine): The execution environment that runs Java bytecode, making Java platform-independent.

Garbage Collection: The automatic process of freeing memory by destroying objects no longer in use.

API (Application Programming Interface): A set of rules and protocols that allow one software application to interact with another.

Bytecode: The intermediate representation of Java source code that is executed by the JVM.

JAR (Java Archive): A file format used to package Java classes and resources into a single file for distribution.

IDE (Integrated Development Environment): Software tools for writing, testing, and debugging Java code.

Serialization: The process of converting objects into a byte stream for storage or transmission.